Learning Objectives:

1.    Discuss the history of both laparoscopy and robotics within urologic surgery.
2.    Discuss the physiologic changes that occur with laparoscopic/robotic surgery on the various organ systems.
3.    Identify the potential complications of laparoscopic/robotic surgery and actions required to address them if they occur.
4.    Discuss the benefits and pitfalls of single-port laparoscopic/robotic surgery and its role in urologic surgery after review of relevant studies in the literature. 

Faculty Disclosure:

Wesley Pate, MD, Presenter, has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Faculty member does not plan on discussing unlabeled/investigational uses of a commercial product.